Thursday 28 January 2016

Tuesday, 26 January 2016, Pages 577- 584, Circe, Episode 15

Stopped at "... heroic defense of Rorke's Drift." (Penguin 584.5), (Gabler 15.781)

Bloom continuing his hallucinations of Mrs Breen recalls a trip to Fairyhouse races with himself, Molly, Milly and Mrs Breen. She had then worn a new hat, which he did not obviously like much. He tells her: "... it didn't suit you one quarter as well as the other ducky little tammy toque with the bird of paradise wing..." As Bloom is recalling the many things that happened then - like Molly's laughing, the tea merchant, Marcus Tertius Moses's driving past -, Mrs Breen fades away, saying eagerly, 'Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes" foreboding the famous last word (Yes) of this novel.

In a change from hallucination to reality, Bloom walks on, towards Hellsgates (read more about the area in the book, 'To Hell or Monto: The Story of Dublin's Most Notorious Districts' by Maurice Curtis) followed this time by the whining dog.  Outside a shuttered pub he sees loiterers listening to jokes and laughing. With his description of all these people, Joyce connects his Ulysses to that of Homer's. Homer's Circe converted Odysseus's men into pigs. Cheap whores, singly, shawled, disheveled, call from lanes, doors, corners. We again meet the two British soldiers, Private Carr and Private Compton, and the drunken navvy (a construction site worker), who is shouting the song, We are the boys of Wexford.

An interior monologue of Bloom's follows in which he wonders what a wildgoose chase this is. He asks himself: 'What am I following him for?' Naturally he knows the answer to that question. Because 'he's (Stephen) is the best of that lot'. Bloom does not know what to do with the parcels of food (crubeen and trotter) he is carrying. It was a waste of money. One and eightpence too much. (This last sentence is an echo of what father Daedalus had said that morning in the coach traveling to the funeral of Patrick Dignam. / See episode 6). Finally, with the retriever still behind him, Bloom goes to a dark stalestunk corner and lets the unrolled crubeen and trotter slide from his hands.

Any question one may have had about the dog(s) we meet in this episode, whether we meet the same dog that changes its appearance/breed every time we meet it or whether we meet different dogs at different times, vanishes here. In one single paragraph, the dog was a retriever at first, then a wolfdog, later a setter, finally a mastiff. Soon afterwards it becomes in turn a bulldog, a boarhound and a greyhound. The significance of the 'dog' will become clearer later in the episode!

The two police (watch) who appear demand that Bloom identifies himself. Their declination of Bloom (Bloom. Of Bloom. For Bloom. Bloom.) stops with the accusative case befitting their accusation of Bloom. Here reality gets mixed with imagination, with hallucination. (The police are real enough. The gulls cawing in their 'gully' language, Bob Doran - we had met him earlier in Cyclops, episode 12, snoring drunk, blind to the world -, Signor Maffei and Martha people Bloom's hallucination.). There are many words/phrases that trigger this hallucination. Bloom's stammering that he is doing good to others brings forth the hallucination of the cawing gulls, whom he had fed earlier in the day Banbury cakes, for which he had not got even a caw as thanks from them. (See episode 8.) Now of course, they caw their thanks, saying 'Kaw kave kankury kake.' The thought of the highly demoralising tales of circus life brings forth the image of Signor Maffei.

In this part of the hallucinations, not only dogs but Bloom's hat also changes its appearance. He is wearing a high grade hat, when he tells the police that he is Dr Bloom, Leopold, dental surgeon. Soon he is wearing a red fez, when he picks up the card that has fallen from inside the leather headband of the hat, and which proclaims that he in fact is Henry Flower of no fixed abode. The flower in question becomes the crumpled yellow flower that he had received that morning with the letter from Martha (See episode 5). As Bloom murmurs privately and confidentially that they are engaged, Martha appears, thickveiled, a copy of the Irish Times in her hand. Bloom had placed an advertisement - Wanted smart lady typist to aid gentleman in literary work - in that newspaper. (See episode 8). Martha sobbingly declares herself to be Peggy Griffin, accusing Bloom of breach of promise. Bloom tries to excuse himself, explaining, "I am a respectable married man, without a stain on my character." He talks of his wife, the daughter of Majorgeneral Brian Tweedy, who got his majority for the heroic defense of Rorke's Drift. (Note but that there was no Major Tweedy at the defense of Rorke's Drift in the war of 1879 between British and Zulu troops! Gifford 15.780-81) 

Friday 22 January 2016

Tuesday, 19 January 2016, Pages 569- 577, Circe, Episode 15

Read as far as "Nice adviser!" (Penguin 577.21), (Gabler 15.554)

But first things first! Last week, the 13th of January was the 75th death anniversary of James Joyce. To mark the day quite a few articles were published in various newspapers. 
Sian Cain, writing in The Guardian asked, 'Is James Joyce's Ulysses the hardest novel to finish?'
Angela Schader of NZZ had a fitting reply to Cain's article in ' Lesefrust start Leselust?'

If you are tempted some day to join the Finnegans Wake reading group either on Mondays or on Thursdays at the Foundation, you would do well to read the following article from The Irish Times, republished on 13th January 2016:
'Endlessly exciting in its impenetrability': 1939 James Joyce review
The Guardian also had a link to Finnegans Wake: 
Billy Mills: Finnegans Wake, The book the web was invented for

Now back to Joyce's Circe!
The show place of the episode is the nighttown. At the end of the last episode, Oxen of the Sun, Stephen and Lynch had gone off together in search of a bawdyhouse. As Stephen, looking like a Protestant minister in his black garb, starts chanting portions of a mass, an elderly bawd (a brothel-keeper) tries to attract their attention. (Sst! Come here till I tell you. Maidenhead inside. Sst!)

Meanwhile, Bloom also reaches the nightgown, appearing flushed, panting, cramming bread and chocolate into a side pocket. Soon he has two more parcels in his hand, one containing a lukewarm pig's crubeen, the other a cold sheep's trotter, sprinkled with wholepepper. Bloom is actually on the look out for Stephen. During his quest, Bloom's imagination runs riot. (Joyce uses hallucination as the basis of this episode.) Accordingly inanimate things become animated (the lemon soap in Bloom's pocket bursts out into a song: 'We're a capital couple are Bloom and I' / page 571), people who are long dead (Bloom's parents, Rudolf and Ellen) as well as people whom we had met on earlier pages (Molly, Mrs Breen, Denise Breen, Alf Bergen, Richie Golding, Pat, the waiter at Ormond hotel, Sweny, the pharmacist, ... ) make appearances, sometimes for a very short period. Animals also have their place, changing their nature/shapes (a dog appears often but every time it appears, it has a different incarnation; it is a liver and white spaniel on the prowl on page 564,  a sniffing retriever on page 568, a sniffing terrier on page 571). (All page numbers refer to the Penguin edition.)

(Daumier Honore: Caricature of hallucinating physician)
In short, the episode has a dream like quality in which reality and common sense take a back seat. The scenes change as each person (dead or alive) appears. This happens in quite quick succession. Joyce describes in minute detail how each of these characters are dressed. Pay attention to, for example, how the appearances of Ellen Bloom (Penguin 569.31) and Molly (Penguin 570.13) are described. Bloom also appears in different dresses and hats: a smart blue Oxford suit and a brown Alpine hat when he is hallucinating about his father, Rudolf (Penguin 569.18); when he first imagines talking to Mrs Breen, he is in a dinner jacket  (Penguin 574.23), soon is wearing a purple Napoleon hat with an amber halfmoon (Penguin 575.4), and an oatmeal sporting suit and a grey billycock hat (Penguin 577.5). It is all very cinematic, very much like the script of a play. Thus this episode must be read with great care, not worrying about what is real and what is not!

It is also interesting to note how Bloom reacts to the various people whom he imagines. When his father, Rudolf, appears, Bloom regresses to his youth. His father scolds him, and says: 'how one night they bring you home drunk as dog after spend your good money... and what nice spectacles (from German, Spektakel) for your poor mother!' The reference to poor mother triggers the appearance of Ellen Bloom, crying out, '... My smelling salts!' Her taking the name of Mary is the cue for the appearance of Marion i.e., Molly. As Bloom tries to explain to Molly about going to the pharmacy and collecting that lotion, orangeflower water, Sweny, the pharmacist makes an appearance. The reference to the word Voglio hinting the word Vorrei from the aria of Don Giovanni brings Gerty MacDowell of the Nausicaa episode into the picture.  As in that episode, Gerty is still dreaming of getting married. As Gerty slides away, Mrs Breen appears. Bloom was courting her long time ago ('Twas I sent you that valentine of the dear gazelle/ Penguin 574.9). Here he asks her: 'Would you like me perhaps to embrace you just for a fraction of a second?'  (Penguin 574.3). Her husband, Dennis Breen is there too and close behind him Alf Bergen, who had sent a postcard saying 'U. p: Up' to Mr Breen.  And so it goes on...

Saturday 16 January 2016

Tuesday, 12 January 2016, Pages 561- 569, Circe, Episode 15

The group has started a new episode, "Circe", and stopped at “All that’s left of him.
(Penguin  569.14), (Gabler 15.264).

Saturday 9 January 2016

Tuesday, 5 January 2016, Oxen of the Sun, End of episode 14

Today we completed reading the last few pages of episode 14.

What an end! Joyce takes us on a real roller coaster ride on these pages. As it is we were exposed to a bewildering style - rather styles - of writing during the entire episode. Tracing parallely the  development of a fetus in the womb and the development of English language, paragraphs in this episode are constructed as imitations of various well known writers of English language over many a century. Joyce abandoned this experiment with the rushing out of Stephen & co from the maternity hospital to the pub. The remaining pages of the episode when the characters are gathered in the pub make a highly challenging experience to a general reader. It is not easy to make out who is talking, whether one is talking or simply thinking, let alone what really is being talked about. The mixture of languages that Joyce uses - gipsy slang, pidgin English, English spoken by blacks, Irish slang, cockney, Latin, Irish pronounciation of French, etc to name just a few - adds to the confusion. It is as if these pages evoke the birth of Finnegans Wake!

The friends are still in the pub. They have been drinking through the evening, first in the hospital, now in the pub. The hilarity of the assembly is hinted at the use of various songs and nursery rhymes (of course modified freely) as well as word plays (example: 'Caraway seed to carry away.') the bar tender comes to serve them once again. He is still unpaid. No shiners is acoming. Someone tells Stephen that they all came on his invitation and that it is up to him to pay. (Up to you, matey.) Somebody gets up to leave, bidding buy to the others. (Au reservoir, mossoo.)

Lenehan is going strong, recapitulating his earlier riddle of Rose of Castile, repeating about the betting - and losing - on that day's horse race. ('Had the winner today till I tipped him a dead cert.') Meanwhile people are leaving. Perhaps Stephen too. But whoever should accompany Stephen is not ready yet. He says: ''Will immensely splendiferous stander permit one stooder of most extreme poverty and one largesize grandacious thirst to terminate one expensive inagurated libation?" 

Obviouly Mulligan has vanished with a friend (Haynes?). Stephen, stone drunk, wonders who will provide him with a bed, now that Mulligan is gone taking the key to the tower with him: "Kind Kristyann wil yu help yung man hoose frend tuk bungellow kee to find plais whear tu lay crown of his hed 2 night." (This is a beautiful sentence, the meaning of which will be clear when one reads it aloud!)

Bloom is still there. He is not known to all. For all we can decipher, the unrecognised man in macintosh, who was at Paddy Dignam's funeral (runefal) that morning, appears in the pub. Someone is puking outside the pub. The siren of a fire brigade is heard. Lynch and Stephen (?) move towards Denzill lane, to go to a brothel (bawdyhouse). They see a poster announcing the visit of the preacher, Alexander Dowie. Elijah is coming!

May Allah the Excellent One your soul this night ever tremendously conserve!

(Circe, episode 15, starts on 12 January 2016.)

Note: This post is coming to you from Sils Baselgia. My apologies that there will be no blogpost next week on the 12th January, as I will have to miss the reading that day. If anybody wants to summarize what will be read in Circe and send the same to me, I shall be more than glad to post it here.